Roughly two billion years ago, microorganisms called cyanobacteria fundamentally transformed the globe. Researchers are now stepping back to that pivotal moment in Earth’s history.
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Modern microbes provide window into ancient ocean
Ancient societies hold lessons for modern cities
Today’s modern cities, from Denver to Dubai, could learn a thing or two from the ancient Pueblo communities that once stretched across the southwestern United States. For starters, the more people live together, the better the living standards.
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Reggaeton artist Nicky Jam goes modern on manmade Miami Beach island
Latin Grammy-winning artist Nicky Jam has set up shop on Miami Beach’s man-made Palm Island, buying a contemporary estate for $ 3.4 million.
A wood-clad exterior runs up the square front of the newly built home. An infinity-edge swimming pool lies in the backyard.
Save for a modern chandelier and…
Ear ossicles of modern humans and Neanderthals: Different shape, similar function
Scientists have scanned the skulls of Neanderthals and found the small middle ear ossicles, which are important for hearing, still preserved within the cavities of the ear. To their surprise, the Neanderthal ossicles are morphologically distinct from the ossicles of modern humans. Despite the differences in morphology, the function of the middle ear is largely the same in the two human species. The authors relate the morphological differences in the ossicles to different evolutionary trajectories in brain size increase and suggest that these findings might be indicative of consistent aspects of vocal communication in modern humans and Neanderthals. These findings are also of importance for shedding light on the emergence of human spoken language, which can only be inferred indirectly from the archaeological and fossil record.
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